Pinyin initial: "ni"

Mouth Mechanics (step-by-step)

1. Relax your jaw and lips. Lips are neutral (not rounded, not spread into a grin).
2. Put your tongue tip on the gum ridge just behind your top front teeth (the “bumpy shelf” you feel with your tongue).
3. Seal the airflow in the mouth with that tongue tip contact.
4. Let air go through your nose (that’s what makes it an n sound). Your vocal cords are on; it’s a voiced sound.
5. Release directly into the vowel:
   • For ni (as in ni1/2/3/4), slide straight into “ee”—tongue body high and forward, like the vowel in “see.”
   • Keep it smooth: you should not hear a “d” or “t” pop at the release.

English Approximation (what to copy)

These are close because they have the same basic n + ee sequence:

• “knee” — the whole word is essentially ni (ignore English spelling; focus on sound).
• “need” — copy the “nee-” at the start (stop before the d).
• “neat” — copy the “nee-” at the start (stop before the t).

Important adjustment for English speakers: say the n more gently and quickly—don’t lean on it. Mandarin ni is crisp: n + ee with no extra consonant in between.

Common Mistakes (what English speakers do wrong)

• Adding a “y” glide when it shouldn’t be there: saying something like “nyee” for ni.
  • Correct ni is plain n + ee.
  • The “y” sound (a quick “ee”-like glide) is expected mainly when i is followed by another vowel (see Section 6).
• Letting it turn into “dnee” or “tnee”: making the release too hard, as if there’s a tiny d/t hiding inside. Keep the release soft.
• Nasalizing the vowel too much: English speakers may keep the nose “on” too long. In Mandarin, the n is nasal, but the vowel should be clean.
• Over-smiling the “ee” vowel: If you spread the lips too much, the sound can get tense. Keep lips relaxed.

Practice Pairs (visualizing the sound)

These English words are approximations to help you “hear” the target. Focus on matching the start (the n + vowel), not necessarily the whole English word.

Comparisons and caveats (similar Pinyin sounds to watch)

A) ni vs. ni + vowel (why some syllables sound like “ny-”)

In Mandarin, when i is followed by another vowel, the i often behaves like a quick “y” glide into the next vowel.

• ni is n + i (a clean “nee” quality).
• But nie, niao, niu, nian, niang begin with n + a quick “y” glide into the next vowel.

So: - ni ≈ “knee” (no “y” added) - nie / nian / niao / niu / niang ≈ start with “ny-” (because i is acting like a glide)

B) ni vs. li

English speakers sometimes blur n and l when rushing.
- n: tongue tip touches the gum ridge and air goes through the nose.
- l: tongue tip touches similarly, but air flows around the sides of the tongue (not through the nose).

Keep ni clearly nasal at the beginning.

C) ni vs. nü

Learners may say nü as ni because English doesn’t have the front-rounded ü vowel naturally.

• ni uses an ee-like vowel (lips relaxed).
• nü uses a tight, rounded front vowel (like saying “ee” while rounding lips).

Even though both start with n, the vowel quality is very different.

D) ni vs. zhi/chi/shi/ri-type “i”

Mandarin has more than one “i”-like vowel. The i in ni is the clear ee-type. It is not the “buzzier,” more central vowel that appears in zhi/chi/shi/ri. If your ni starts sounding dull or “r-like,” bring the tongue forward and high for a bright ee.